LinkedHashMap原理
先来一张LinkedHashMap的结构图,不要虚,看完文章再来看这个图,就秒懂了,先混个面熟:
应用场景
HashMap是无序的,当我们希望有顺序地去存储key-value时,就需要使用LinkedHashMap了。
Map<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
hashMap.put("name1", "josan1");
hashMap.put("name2", "josan2");
hashMap.put("name3", "josan3");
Set<Entry<String, String>> set = hashMap.entrySet();
Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = set.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry entry = iterator.next();
String key = (String) entry.getKey();
String value = (String) entry.getValue();
System.out.println("key:" + key + ",value:" + value);
}
key:name3,value:josan3
key:name2,value:josan2
key:name1,value:josan1
输出结果并不是按照插入顺序的。
同样的数据,我们再试试LinkedHashMap
Map<String, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
linkedHashMap.put("name2", "josan2");
linkedHashMap.put("name1", "josan1");
linkedHashMap.put("name3", "josan3");
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set1 = linkedHashMap.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator1 = set1.iterator();
while(iterator1.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry entry = iterator1.next();
String key = (String) entry.getKey();
String value = (String) entry.getValue();
System.out.println("key:" + key + ",value:" + value);
}
key:name2,value:josan2
key:name1,value:josan1
key:name3,value:josan3
结果可知,LinkedHashMap是有序的,且默认为插入顺序。
定义
LinkedHashMap继承了HashMap,所以它们有很多相似的地方。
public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
extends HashMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>
{
构造方法
LinkedHashMap提供了多个构造方法,我们先看空参的构造方法。
public LinkedHashMap() {
// 调用HashMap的构造方法,其实就是初始化Entry[] table
super();
// 这里是指是否基于访问排序,默认为false
accessOrder = false;
}
首先使用super调用了父类HashMap的构造方法,其实就是根据初始容量、负载因子去初始化Entry[] table。
然后把accessOrder设置为false,这就跟存储的顺序有关了,LinkedHashMap存储数据是有序的,而且分为两种:插入顺序和访问顺序。
这里accessOrder设置为false,表示不是访问顺序而是插入顺序存储的,这也是默认值,表示LinkedHashMap中存储的顺序是按照调用put方法插入的顺序进行排序的。LinkedHashMap也提供了可以设置accessOrder的构造方法,我们来看看这种模式下,它的顺序有什么特点?
Map<String, String> linkedHashMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(10, 1, true);
linkedHashMap.put("name2", "josan2");
linkedHashMap.put("name1", "josan1");
linkedHashMap.put("name3", "josan3");
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set1 = linkedHashMap.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator1 = set1.iterator();
while(iterator1.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry entry = iterator1.next();
String key = (String) entry.getKey();
String value = (String) entry.getValue();
System.out.println("key:" + key + ",value:" + value);
}
System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>");
linkedHashMap.get("name1");
//System.out.println("通过get方法,导致key为name1对应的Entry到表尾");
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set2 = linkedHashMap.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator2 = set2.iterator();
while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry entry = iterator2.next();
String key = (String) entry.getKey();
String value = (String) entry.getValue();
System.out.println("key:" + key + ",value:" + value);
}
key:name2,value:josan2
key:name1,value:josan1
key:name3,value:josan3key:name2,value:josan2
key:name3,value:josan3
key:name1,value:josan1
因为调用了get("name1")导致了name1对应的Entry移动到了最后,这里只要知道LinkedHashMap有插入顺序和访问顺序两种就可以,后面会详细讲原理。
我们知道1.8之后,map的初始化是在put里做的
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
其中HashMap中有三个方法,被LinkedHashMap重写
// Callbacks to allow LinkedHashMap post-actions
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> p) { }
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { }
void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> p) { }
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
p.after = null;
if (b == null)
head = a;
else
b.after = a;
if (a != null)
a.before = b;
else
last = b;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
tail = p;
++modCount;
}
}